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  • Review Article
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Imaging in complex media

Nature Physics volume 18, pages 1008–1017 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Imaging can take many forms—from optical microscopes and telescopes through ultrasonography to X-ray tomography. However, regardless of the imaging modality, the presence of a complex heterogeneous structure between the imaging system and the scene of interest limits the quality of the images that can be conventionally obtained. In this Review we outline recently introduced strategies to overcome the detrimental effects of scattering in optical imaging. In particular, we focus on approaches that either physically correct scattering using computer-controlled devices or employ computational inversion based on intrinsic correlations of light scattering. Despite focusing on optical techniques, this Review emphasizes the fundamental equivalence of the effects of scattering in different fields of imaging, using the scattering matrix formalism as a bridge that allows techniques developed in one field to be translated to another.

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Fig. 1: Imaging through fog as one example of optical imaging through complex media.
Fig. 2: Scattering-matrix formalism describing linear field propagation through complex media.
Fig. 3: Different approaches for imaging via wavefront shaping.
Fig. 4: Examples of diffraction-limited images obtained non-invasively through complex media with various approaches.

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Acknowledgements

J.B. acknowledges funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under grant number EP/T00097X/1. O.K. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program grant number 101002406 and the Israel Science Foundation (grant number 1361/18).

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  1. Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

    Jacopo Bertolotti

  2. Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    Ori Katz

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Bertolotti, J., Katz, O. Imaging in complex media. Nat. Phys. 18, 1008–1017 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01723-8

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