@article {4474,
	title = {Pain reduction using transcranial electrostimulation: a double blind "active placebo" controlled trial.},
	journal = {J Rehabil Med},
	volume = {41},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Mar},
	pages = {256-61},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation a non-invasive method of reducing pain.

DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

SUBJECTS: A total of 119 patients with chronic pain.

METHODS: Patients were treated with either transcranial electrical stimulation or an active placebo device. Short- and long-term follow-ups were evaluated for treatment efficacy with 4 ordinal scale variables: visual analogue scale (pain level), SLEEP (how often does pain disturb sleep), FREQ (frequency of pain) and MED (frequency of use of medications to relieve pain).

RESULTS: Pain level decreased significantly in the transcranial electrical stimulation-treated group compared with the active-placebo group 3 weeks after the end of treatment (p = 0.0017 between groups). Other parameters did not demonstrate significant differences. Three months after the end of treatment this effect was maintained and other treatment parameters showed similar improvements.

CONCLUSION: Transcranial electrical stimulation is an effective non-invasive method for pain relief. The active placebo device has a powerful effect on reported pain, which diminishes in the long-term. The involvement of possible neural mechanisms is discussed.},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Headache, Humans, Low Back Pain, Male, Middle Aged, Neck Pain, Pain Management, Pain Measurement, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Treatment Outcome},
	issn = {1651-2081},
	doi = {10.2340/16501977-0315},
	author = {Gabis, Lidia and Shklar, Bentzion and Baruch, Yael Kesner and Raz, Raanan and Gabis, Eddy and Geva, Daniel}
}
