Raz Yirmiya was born in Rehovot, Israel, and grew up in the northern Israeli beach town Nahariya. Following high-school graduation he joined the Israel Defense Forces, first as a pianist in the Pikud Darom Etertainment Band, and later as an officer in the Educational Corps. Raz Yirmiya obtained a bachelor's degree  in Psychobiology from Haifa University and M.Sc. in Physiology from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. He did his Ph.D. in Neuroscience under the supervision of Prof. John C. Liebeskind at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). After a 2-year post-doctoral fellowship at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunologyat UCLA he returned in 1990 to an academic position in the Department of Psychology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in which he was appointed to a full Professor in 2003. Raz Yirmiya is married to Professor Nurit Yirmiya and they have 4 children.

In his initial studies during the early 1990’ Yirmiya demonstrated that psychoactive drugs, particularly alcohol and opiates, modulate immune functioning and resistance to cancer via brain-to-immune communication pathways (Yirmiya, R. and Taylor, A. N. (Eds.), Alcohol, Immunity and Cancer. CRC Press, 1993; Nature Medicine,1996). After establishing his laboratory in Jerusalem Yirmiya focused on the implications of immune-to-brain signaling and using animal models of various infectious, autoimmune and neurological diseases he established the relationships between brain inflammatory cytokines and sickness behavior symptoms. He is specifically known for providing the first experimental evidence for a relationship between immune activation and major depression (Brain Research, 1996; Molecular Psychiatry, 1999; Neuropsychopharmacology, 2001). His contribution was described in a historical review by Robert Dantzer and Keith Kelly, who stated: “Raz Yirmiya was the first psychobiologist to draw the analogy between sickness behavior and depression. He showed that rats treated with cytokines are less sensitive to the rewarding properties of a saccharin solution or to the presentation of a sexually-active partner. Some of these deficits can be prevented by chronic but not acute administration of antidepressant drugs that have little or no beneficial effects on sickness behavior” (Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 2007). In parallel studies, Yirmiya employed unique controlled and prospective experimental  models of disease  in humans, demonstrating that immune challenges, such as endotoxin administration, rubella vaccination or minor surgery, induce cytokine-mediated disturbances in behavioral, emotional and cognitive functions (JAMA Psychiatry, 2001). Together, these studies directly contributed to the formation of novel conceptualizations and the development of clinically effective treatments for inflammation-associated major depression.

In recent years, Yirmiya discovered that microglia cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain play a critical role in normal neuro-behavioral processes, including hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation, neural plasticity, neurogenesis, and the modulation of these processes by environmental enrichment (Journal of Neuroscience, 2009; Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 2011). On the other hand, disturbances in the structure and functioning of microglia cells and pathophysiological levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 in the brain underlie the impairments in cognition and neurogenesis associated with stress and neurodegenerative diseases (Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 2009; Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014). Importantly, Yirmiya's group provided evidence that deviations of microglia from their physiological homeostatic state (i.e., either hyper-activation or decline and dystrophy) are associated with development of depression (Molecular Psychiatry, 2014). Thus, in a recent review (TiNS, 2016) Yirmiya and his colleagues argued that at least some forms of depression may be considered as a microglial disease (microgliopathy).  

Yirmiya also discovered (together with Itai Bab from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem), the existence of brain-to-bone communication pathways, mediated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervouws systems, and reported that chronic stress-induced depression produces bone loss via modulation of these pathways, forming the foundations of a new field of research that we termed "NeuroPsychoOsteology" (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2005, 2006, 2012). 

Raz Yirmiya is a past-president of the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society (PNIRS). He was an Associate Editor of Brain, Behavior and Immunity (Elsevier Press) and a recipient of the Norman Cousins Award for outstanding contributions to research in Psychoneuroimmunology.