@article {10219,
	title = {In vitro study of the ilial anatomic landmarks for safe implant insertion in the first sacral vertebra of the intact canine sacroiliac joint},
	journal = {VETERINARY SURGERY},
	volume = {35},
	number = {6},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {510-517},
	abstract = {Objective - To define\&nbsp;landmarks\&nbsp;on\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;canine\&nbsp;ilial\&nbsp;wing\&nbsp;for\&nbsp;accurate, consistent\&nbsp;insertion\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;implants into\&nbsp;the1st\&nbsp;sacral\&nbsp;(S1) vertebral body when\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;sacroiliac\&nbsp;joint\&nbsp;is\&nbsp;intact.\&nbsp;Study\&nbsp;Design -\&nbsp;Anatomic\&nbsp;study.\&nbsp;Animals -\&nbsp;Intact, cadaveric\&nbsp;canine\&nbsp;pelves and sacra (n=25).\&nbsp;Methods - Median sections (5 specimens) were drilled from\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;center\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;S1\&nbsp;in\&nbsp;a lateral direction, exiting onthe\&nbsp;ilial\&nbsp;wing.\&nbsp;Landmarks\&nbsp;on\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;ilial\&nbsp;wing and shaft used to define this exit point were then used to locate this point on both wings\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;20 articulated specimens, positioned and rigidly held so that\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;dorsal plane\&nbsp;ofthe\&nbsp;pelvis was aligned with a plumb line and\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;median plane\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;pelvis was horizontal. A 2 mm hole was drilled from\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;marked point, parallel to\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;plumb line, until it exited\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;contralateral\&nbsp;ilial\&nbsp;wing. Distance\&nbsp;ofdrill hole position from\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;geometric center (GC)\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;S1 was located on median and paramedian plane images derived from plane, computed tomographic (CT) scans.\&nbsp;Results -\&nbsp;The\&nbsp;entire drill hole was located within S1\&nbsp;in\&nbsp;18 specimens. Mean deviation\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;hole from GC (ratio\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;distance\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;GC from\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;closest S1 body border)\&nbsp;in\&nbsp;median section was 0.40 +/- 0.29 (craniocaudal direction) and 0.29 +/- 0.23 (dorsoventral).\&nbsp;Conclusions - Use\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;ilial\&nbsp;wing\&nbsp;landmarks\&nbsp;and drilling perpendicular to\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;median plane will improve accuracy\&nbsp;for\&nbsp;insertion\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;implants into S1 when\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;sacroiliac\&nbsp;joint\&nbsp;is\&nbsp;intact.\&nbsp;Clinical Relevance -\&nbsp;Ilial\&nbsp;wing\&nbsp;landmarks\&nbsp;should be used to improve accuracy\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;implant\&nbsp;insertion\&nbsp;into S1. (c) Copyright 2006 by\&nbsp;The\&nbsp;American College\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;Veterinary Surgeons.},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2006.00184.x/abstract},
	author = {Joseph, Rotem and Milgram, Joshua and Zhan, Klaus and Ron Shahar}
}
