The chapter deals with processes of change in the functional structure of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area (TAMA) in the wake of economic globalization processes of the 1980s and 1990s. Of all the components making up the spatial organization of the TAMA, the chapter focuses on the development of two Central Business Districts (CBD) in metropolitan Tel Aviv: the traditional central city business arena and a new emerging center. Rather than heralding the formation of a polycentric urban structure, the new Tel Aviv CBD represents a real-estate led response at generating a new center of gravity for economic activity in Tel Aviv. The new center therefore competes vigorously with the established center. A further unique feature of the developing metropolitan structure is the ex nihilo nature of the new development. Instead of following the well-known pattern of incremental CBD expansion via new building at the margins of the established center, the new Tel Aviv business district represents an attempt at re-directing growth to a new location altogether.
This study focuses on globalization trends in the cultural industries of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area. It is well known that global centers are often cultural service centers as well. London, New York, Paris and Moscow are all economic hubs in the global system but are also cultural centers. The centrality of a cultural node can be measured (like the centrality of any node in a system) through observing the flows into and out of that center (see above Chapters 1 and 6). The identification of flows gives a more dynamic view of the relations between nodes than do static rankings (Beaverstock et al., 2000). In addition, attribute-based characterizations are particularly likely to under-identify ‘emerging’ nodes and the activities that take place within them. As such, a flows-based approach seems more appropriate for yielding insights into the way emerging nodes attempt to break into global networks using cultural activity as a vehicle of entry.
M Pettersson, L Khriachtchev, A Lignell, M Rasanen, Z Bihary, and RB Gerber. 2002. “HKrF in solid krypton.” JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 116, Pp. 2508-2515. Abstract
A new krypton-containing compound, HKrF, has been prepared in a low-temperature Kr matrix via VUV photolysis of the HF precursor and posterior thermal mobilization of H and F atoms. All three fundamental vibrations have been observed in the FTIR spectra at similar to1950 cm(-1) (H-Kr stretch), similar to650 cm(-1) (bending), and similar to415 cm(-1) (Kr-F stretch). Two distinct sites of HKrF have been identified. The energy difference between the H-Kr stretching vibrations for the two sites is remarkably large (26 cm(-1)), indicating a strong influence of the environment. In annealing after the photolysis of the precursor, HKrF is formed in two different stages: at 13-16 K from closely trapped H+F pairs and at T>24 K due to more extensive mobility of H and F atoms in the matrix. HKrF in a less stable site decreases at temperatures above 32 K, the other site being stable up to the sublimation temperature of the matrix. The photodecomposition cross section for HKrF has been measured between 193 and 350 nm and compared with the cross sections of the previously reported HArF and HKrCl molecules. The condensed-phase VSCF (vibrational self-consistent field) calculations suggest that the more stable form is a single-substitutional site and the less stable form is a double-substitutional site of HKrF in solid Kr. The gas to matrix shifts for these sites are predicted to be +(9-26) cm(-1) for the H-Kr stretching and the bending vibrations and -(7-10) cm(-1) for the Kr-F stretching vibrations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
We propose a hybrid pulse position modulation/ultrashort light pulse code-division multiple-access (PPM/ULP-CDMA) system for ultrafast optical communications. The proposed system employs spectral CDMA encoding/decoding and PPM with very short pulse separation. The statistical properties of the encoded ULP are investigated with a general pulse model, and the performance of the proposed PPM/ULP-CDMA system is investigated. It is shown that we can improve upon the performance of other ULP-CDMA systems, such as those using on-off keying, by employing PPM. It is also shown that we can improve the performance of the proposed system by increasing the effective number of chips, by increasing the number of PPM symbols, and by reducing the ULP duration. The performance analysis shows that the aggregate throughput of the proposed PPM/ULP-CDMA system could be over 1 Tb/s.
Surface potential imaging (see Figure) reveals the transition to collective behavior in a two-dimensional quantum dot solid. As described in this communication, an electrical potential gradient is applied across the film, and various scanning probe and electron microscopy images are correlated to interrogate the role of disorder in the transition from local to collective behavior.
The principle of corresponding states is re-examined in the light of recent experimental and theoretical fluid equation of state data compilations. The results are used to critically test and extend the fundamental concept of corresponding states scaling for simple fluids (including rare gases, diatomics and methane). Classical corresponding states scaling based on critical point constants is found to produce weaker universal behavior than a new scaling procedure linked directly to the two intermolecular interaction potential parameters of a Lennard-Jones-6-12 fluid. The improved universal behavior revealed using this Lennard-Jones-corresponding-states scaling may either reflect inaccuracies in previous critical constant estimates, or perhaps point to more fundamental differences between the critical properties of different fluids. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
The affinity of selected metal ions for palmitic (PAL) and hexadecanesulfonic acid (HDSA) monolayers self-assembled onto an octadecyl silane (ODS) monolayer covalently bound to a Ge internal reflection element has been examd. in situ in aq. electrolytes by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. Marked changes in the bands assocd. with the sym. and asym. stretches of the carboxylate groups induced by metal-ion binding could be discerned for PAL/ODS self-assembled bilayers (SABs) in contact with Cd2+ solns. of pH = 6 even at concns. in the sub-μM range. Subsequent exposure of Cd2+/PAL/ODS SABs to solns. of pH < 4 devoid of Cd2+ led to the removal of Cd2+ from the bilayer leaving behind a better ordered structure, as judged by the shift of the C-H stretching modes toward lower wavenumbers. Spectral evidence for strong metal-terminal sulfonate group interactions was also obtained for HDSA/ODS SABs immersed in solns. contg. Cd2+, Fe3+, and Fe2+, for which the effects on the characteristic sym. and asym. modes of the terminal sulfonate moieties were found to be unique to the nature of each of the metal ions. [on SciFinder(R)]
Constructivist approaches to the emergence and stability of collective identities are now widely accepted. But few of the assumptions of constructivist theory regarding repertoires of identities and their mutability in response to changing circumstances have been examined or even articulated. The article shows how different conditions of a fluid and changing environment affect the stabilization or institutionalization of an identity as dominant within a polity. We used the Agent-Based Identity-Repertoire (ABIR) model as a simulation tool and confined out, attention to relatively simple identity situations. Strong evidence was found for the emergence of identity institutionalization, the existence of a ``crystallization'' threshold, the effectiveness of divide-and-rule strategies for the maintenance of an identity as dominant, the efficacy of a network of organic intellectuals, and hegemonic levels of institutionalization. Thresholds leading to hegemony were not observed. Preliminary results from experiments examining more complex identity situations have been corroborative.
This chapter investigates Israel’s role as an `emerging node’ in the global economy through the prism of foreign direct investment (FDI). Empirically, we investigate the probability that a foreign-owned firm will locate in Tel Aviv. Foreign ownership is taken here as representing one facet of globalization. While we are aware that globalization processes encompass much more than the presence of foreign investors in the domestic economy and should also include some investigation of Israeli firms operating abroad, this topic will be touched on, inter-alia, through the analysis of patterns of FDI. As will be noted, much of this latter process is bound up with FDI in that many Israeli, technologically advanced, firms that try to break into global markets do so through by being incorporated or traded abroad (see chapter 6 and also Haaretz, 2000; Red Herring, 2000). A presence abroad is therefore linked to some form of foreign control over local firms and thus the two facets of globalization are inter-linked.
The photochemical reaction in poly(4-vinyl pyridine)/pyridine compositions under irradiation at 254 nm results in new electronic and structural properties. Photoinduced electronic and structural properties can be assigned to the appearance of the pyridine ring-opening photoproducts and interaction of the latter between themselves and with pyridine moieties. Doping of the composition with hydrochloric acid or lithium chloride can control the photochemical reaction, especially the interaction of the ring-opening photoproducts. The cleaved form of the compounds and the aggregates of the latter act as the crosslinkers in the system. Optical property changes are followed by structural changes. Depending on the doped compound, different long-wave-shifted emissions arise in the compositions after irradiation. The far long-wave-shifted emission appears in the system doped with lithium chloride, which is unstable and disappears shortly after cessation of irradiation, while the red-emitting centers of the undoped system are stable and exhibit a second harmonic generation (SHG) signal.
Age-related division of labor in honeybees is associated with plasticity in circadian rhythms. Young nest bees care for brood around the clock with no circadian rhythms while older foragers have strong circadian rhythms that are used for sun compass navigation and for timing visits to flowers. Since juvenile hormone (JH) is involved in the coordination of physiological and behavioral processes underlying age-related division of labor in honey bees, we tested the hypothesis that JH influences the ontogeny of circadian rhythms and other clock parameters in young worker bees. Treatments with the JH analog methoprene or allatectomy did not influence the onset of rhythmicity, overall locomotor activity, or the free-running period of rhythmic locomotor behavior. There were, however, significant differences in the onset of rhythmicity, overall locomotor activity, and longevity between bees from different source colonies, suggesting that there is significant genetic variation for these traits. Our results suggest that JH does not coordinate all aspects of division of labor in bees and that coordination of task performance with circadian rhythms is probably mediated by other regulatory systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Betty Rojtman. 2002. “La brûlure du buisson.” In La Bible et l’Autre, edited by Shmuel Trigano, 32-33: Pp. 15-30. Pardès, In Press.
Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-84 gene cause defects in nuclear migration and anchoring. We show that endogenous UNC-84 protein colocalizes with Ce-lamin at the nuclear envelope and that the envelope localization of UNC-84 requires Ce-lamin. We also show that during mitosis, UNC-84 remains at the nuclear periphery until late anaphase, similar to known inner nuclear membrane proteins. UNC-84 protein is first detected at the 26-cell stage and thereafter is present in most cells during development and in adults. UNC-84 is properly expressed in unc-83 and anc-1 lines, which have phenotypes similar to unc-84, suggesting that neither the expression nor nuclear envelope localization of UNC-84 depends on UNC-83 or ANC-1 proteins. The envelope localization of Ce-lamin, Ce-emerin, Ce-MAN1, and nucleoporins are unaffected by the loss of UNC-84. UNC-84 is not required for centrosome attachment to the nucleus because centrosomes are localized normally in unc-84 hyp7 cells despite a nuclear migration defect. Models for UNC-84 localization are discussed.
The work under review presents in full, with a translation and extensive erudite philological, textual and grammatical annotations, detailed indices and long descriptive, historical and linguistics introductions, the elegant editio princeps of forty-four Coptic texts (fifty-four epistolary and documentary texts in all, of which fifty-two are papyri) from the site of Ismant el-Kharab (the Dakhle oasis, at the Roman-period village of Kellis). All were written to members or associates of a textile-processing Manichaean or Christian-Manichaean community at the place, and are datable to the fourth century A.D. (mainly 355–380). These texts are written in a special dialect of Coptic, which — as W.-P. Funk believes — may be the closest yet to “L” pure and simple — a dialect exhibiting some interesting features, on some of which I shall very briefly dwell in the following review (which focusses only on the linguistic, not historical or archaeological aspects of this exciting find). They are not easy, but are remarkable rich in interesting grammatical features and of considerable syntactic interest.
