Our research group use physiological (multiple electrode) tools to explore the computation physiology of the basal ganglia, their disorders and therapy. We record the activity of several neurons in the different basal ganglia nuclei during behavioral tasks and over the wake-sleep cycle. We do it before and after induction of disease-like state (e.g., Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia) in animal models and in human patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures. Our goal is to provide better understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the basal ganglia, and to use this understanding to develop better methods for treatment (eg closed-loop DBS).