A computer-based system for recording and analysing light microscope images, combined with classical cytogenetic analysis, has revealed the spatial organization of the giant chromosomes of Drosophila salivary gland cells. Each polytene chromosome arm folds up in a characteristic way, contacts the nuclear surface at specific sites and is topologically isolated from all other arms.
The effects of normal human serum, insulin-like growth factor and β-d-xyloside on the synthesis of proteoglycan, as well as their differential effect on the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate side-chains, were studied in chick embryonal cartilage. The glycosaminoglycans found in the incubation medium were mainly intact carbohydrate moieties of partially degraded proteoglycan molecules, whereas the tissue-bound glycosaminoglycans were of intact proteoglycan molecules. In incubations with normal human serum, the synthesis of the chondroitin sulfate side-chains of the tissue-bound glycosaminoglycans was preferentially stimulated, while the percentage of medium glycosaminoglycan (out of the total glycosaminoglycan in tissue and medium) was reduced, compared to control incubations. In incubations with insulin-like growth factor, the synthesis of the keratan sulfate side-chains of the tissue-bound glycosaminoglycan was preferentially stimulated, whereas the percentage of t
Multiple (water-in-oil-in water) emulsions were prepd. by homogenizing 30 parts 1% NaCl with 70 parts of light mineral oil contg. varying amts. of Brij 92 emulsifier and then adding 20 parts of this primary emulsion to 80 parts of 5% glucose contg. varying amts. of mixts. of Span 20 [1338-39-2] and Tween 80 [9005-65-6] to provide hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values of 9-15. At Tween-Span emulsifier mixt. concns. of 0.7-1.5% the yield of multiple emulsion was not affected by HLB value; droplet size detd. the yield. At emulsifier concns. >1.5% the yield decreased with increasing concn. at any HLB, related to a continuous decrease in multiple emulsion droplet size. Yields and emulsion stability were max. with an HLB value of 11 at emulsifier concns. >1.5%; at emulsifier mixt. concns. of 0.7-3% stability increased with increasing HLB value. Multiple emulsions are promising pharmaceutical forms. [on SciFinder(R)]
