It is shown that the Shapley value of any given game v is characterized by applying the value axioms -- efficiency, symmetry, the null player axiom, and either additivity or strong positivity -- to the additive group generated by the subgames of v.
Previous studies have demonstrated that a number of membrane-active agents are capable of binding to the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) resulting in an augmentation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in response to soluble stimuli. It is now demonstrated that these same membrane-active agents can bind to the surface of endothelial cells and enhance their susceptibility to killing by H2O2. Membrane-active agents which are capable of synergizing with H2O2 include cationic proteins, cationic poly-amino acids, lysophosphatides and enzymes which are capable of degrading membrane phospholipids (e.g., phospholipase C, phospholipase A2 and streptolysin S). In each case, treatment of the target cells with the membrane-active agent and H2O2 produces greater damage than the sum of the damage produced by either agent separately. Since inflammatory lesions, particularly sites of bacterial infection, may contain a rich mixture of cationic substances, phospholipases and phospholipid breakdown products, these substances may contribute to the tissue damage observed at sites of inflammation by enhancing endothelial cell sensitivity to PMN-generated H2O2 as well as by augmenting the generation of H2O2 by PMNs.
The etching is described of Cu circuit paths using a scanning electrochem. microscope supplied with a redox couple to induce feedback. Very small dimensions (<0.6 μm) are achieved. [on SciFinder(R)]
This paper outlines the prospects for the development of sophisticated industry in peripheral and semi-peripheral areas. The debate on this issue usually presents a rigid and bifurcated image of large capital-intensive plants in the periphery and the seemingly unyielding concentration of R&D in central locations. A major claim here is that this image can be softened-up if a more integrative definition of the term ‘technology’ is taken. A methodological approach for assessing the level of technology of the industrial branch is therefore introduced. A multi-dimensional approach is adopted that classifies industries into ‘technological profiles’ based on the different combinations of aspects of technology that they embody. This methodology is applied empirically to a data-set based on sub-branches of Israeli industry at the SIC three-digit level and the main industrial characteristics of the technological profiles are analysed. Having established the industrial consistency of the technological profiles, their spatial behaviour is addressed with a view to identifying those profiles with a tendency to disperse to the national periphery and those with a tendency to concentrate in central areas. Evidence from Israel shows that two types of profile can exist in peripheral areas: operations that use sophisticated production processes and under certain conditions and, at particular scales of activity, small-scale R&D operations not requiring large capital investment. Finally, the industrial characteristics needed to sustain the above process are outlined. In the case of Israel it is shown that those characteristics relating to the inputs (especially quality of labour), rather than those relating to the outputs or spatial linkages of the production process, are likely to act as the main constraints to the development of sophisticated industry in peripheral areas.
This series of notes is meant to suggest and define relevant issues and systemic implications, reflecting on certain not unimportant grammatical phenomena of Demotic. They constitute annotated documentation or record, combining the time-honoured categories of “Miszellen”, “Lesefrüchte”, and “Vermischte Beiträge” (In the spirit of A. Tobler’s [1886–1912], on Old French and Romance syntax. Often, they suggest diachronic “tie-ins” between comparable Demotic and Coptic facts, and almost always they have direct bearing on locus interpretation. The evidence adduced is predominantly local or incidental and lays no claim to exhaustiveness, the discussion suggestive and not definitive; its chief justification is in putting the discussed phenomena in systemic perspective and “opening pigeonholes” for further documentation and consideration.
